LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0.html



LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0

45333 and 44665 inside Annesley shed on 11 September 1965. 45333 has a domed boiler, whilst 44665 has one of the later Ivatt forward top-feed type boilers.
Power type	Steam
Designer	William Stanier
Builder	LMS Crewe Works LMS Derby Works LMS Horwich Works Vulcan Foundry Armstrong Whitworth (327)
Build date	1934-1951
Total production	842
Configuration	4-6-0
UIC classification	2'Ch
Gauge	4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm)
Leading wheel size	39.5 in (1.003 m)
Driver size	72 in (1.829 m)
Length	63 ft 7¾ in or 63 ft 11¾ in
Locomotive weight	72.2 long tons (73.4 t) to 75 long tons (76.2 t)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	9 long tons (9.1 t)
Water capacity	4,000 imp gal (18,000 l)
Boiler	LMS type 3B
Boiler pressure	225 psi (1.55 MPa) superheated
Fire grate area	27.75 sq ft (2.578 m2) or 28.5 sq ft (2.65 m2)
Heating surface: Firebox	156 sq ft (14.5 m2) or 171 sq ft (15.9 m2)
Cylinders	Two, outside
Cylinder size	18½×26 in (470×660 mm)
Valve gear	Most Walschaerts, some outside Stephenson or Caprotti
Tractive effort	25,455 lbf (113.23 kN)
Class	LMS: 5P5F BR: 5MT
Retired	1961–1968

The London Midland and Scottish Railway's Class 5 4-6-0, almost universally known as the Black Five, is a class of steam locomotive. It was introduced by William Stanier in 1934 and 842 were built between then and 1951. Members of the class survived to the last day of steam on British Railways, in 1968 and eighteen are preserved.

Origins

The Black Fives were a mixed traffic locomotive, a "do-anything go-anywhere" type, designed by Stanier, who had previously been with the GWR. In his early LMS days he designed his Stanier Mogul 2-6-0 in which he experimented with the GWR school of thought on Locomotive design. A number of details in this design he would never use again realising the superiority of details not used on the GWR. But Stanier realised that there was a need for larger locomotives. These were to be the LMS's version of the GWR Halls. They shared similar cylinder arrangement (two outside), internal boiler design and size and 6 foot driving wheel diameters.

Construction

There were a number of detail variations in the locomotives, and they did not all remain in the same condition as built. Some locomotives built under British Railways administration were used as test beds for various design modifications with a view to incorporating the successful modifications in the Standard Classes of locomotives built from 1951 onwards. These modifications included outside Caprotti valve gear, roller bearings (both Timken and Skefco types) on the coupled and tender axles in varying combinations and an experimental steel firebox. Other locomotives had modified draughting to "self clean" the smokebox (thereby reducing turn-around and disposal times, and eliminating, or mitigating, one of the most unpopular jobs).

The domeless engines

Numbering started from 5000, with the first twenty being ordered from Crewe Works and a further eighty from the Vulcan Foundry. The first to emerge was the first Vulcan Foundry engine, 5020, in 1934; the first Crewe-built engine, 5000 not completed until 1935. The originals were built with domeless, straight throatplate boilers with low degree superheat (14 elements). However, many received later type boilers later in their lives.

The prewar domed engines

A further 227 were ordered from Armstrong-Whitworth in 1936, the largest single locomotive order ever given by a British railway to an outside contractor. Crewe built a further 142. These had domed high degree superheat boilers.

5471, built at Crewe in 1938 would be the last built for five years. During the early stages of the Second World War the priority was for heavy freight engines and the closely-related 8Fs were produced in vast numbers.

Wartime and postwar domed engines

In 1943 construction was restarted with Derby Works building its first. However, after number 5499 was built, the numbering block hit that of the Patriot Class, and so new engines were numbered from 4800 onwards. However, after another 200 were built they again ran out of numbers, so they started numbering below 4800. By this time, the LMS had been nationalised into British Railways and BR added 40000 to all their numbers. Eventually the 842 examples would number 44658-45499.

Ivatt engines and experimental modifications

Post-war examples were built with forward topfeeds. In 1948 George Ivatt introduced more modifications to bearings and valve gear. 4767 was built with Stephenson link motion in 1947. 44738-57 were built with Caprotti valve gear. The last two, 44686 and 44687 built at Horwich in 1951, had even more modifications.

44662 at Leeds City in 1966 or 1967 with an Ivatt forward topfeed boiler.

44694 and 45209 at Bradford Exchange

44964 passing St. Dunstans

Construction details

Names

One of only a handful of named Black Fives, 45154 Lanarkshire Yeomanry at Sheffield Brightside on 20 September 1959

Only five Black Fives received names, though several have been named in preservation (see below). All of them were named after Scottish regiments. Four of them retained their names into British Railways days, but No 5155, which carried the name The Queens Edinburgh during the Second World War, later had its name removed.¹

Preservation

45305 on the Great Central Railway

45231 and 45305 on shed.

Eighteen locomotives have been preserved:

Sound

• 45212 passing Green End

In fiction

In The Railway Series of children's books by the Rev. W. Awdry, the character Henry the Green Engine, in his later form, is based on a Black Five.³

In the film The Virgin Soldiers the locomotive destroyed in the train crash scene was 4781, the only one of the four Fifteen Guinea Special engines not preserved.

See also

• BR standard class 5

Further reading

• David Hunt, Bob Essery and Fred James with David Jennison and David Clarke LMS Locomotive Profiles (three volumes, three pictorial supplements):
  • No. 5 The mixed traffic class 5s. Part 1. Nos. 5000-5224. (+ pictorial supplement)
  • No. 6 The mixed traffic class 5s. Part 2. Walschaerts and Stephenson valve gear engines from the 5225-5499 and 4658-4999 series. (+ pictorial supplement)
  • No. 7 Mixed traffic class 5s: Caprotti valve gear engines and class summary (+ pictorial supplement)
• Brian Reed and Pat Rowledge Stanier 4-6-0s of the LMS
• J.S. Whiteley, Gavin Morrison The Power of the Black Fives

References

External links

• http://www.semgonline.com/visitor/visitor_6.html#45349
• http://rileysontour.fotopic.net/
• http://black5photos.co.uk/